[1]Shanghai University, Regeneration and Ageing Lab,Shanghai,China
[2]Peking Union Medical College, Department of Endocrinology,Beijing,China
[3]Fudan University School of Life Sciences, Regeneration and Ageing Lab,Shanghai,China
Moderate exercise is an effective and economic way to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. Unlike pathological cardiac growth, exercise-induced cardiac growth, excluding extreme strenuous exercise, does not cause cardiac cell death, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. The balanced cardiomyogenesis (cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia) and neo-angiogenesis are essential determinants for exercise-induced cardiac growth. In particular, exercise leads to physiological cardiac growth through regulating the IGF-1-PI3K-Akt, nitric oxide (NO), C/EBP[1], and PGC-1 © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.