Combination chemotherapy has been proposed to achieve synergistic effect and minimize drug dose for cancer treatment in clinic application. In this article, the stimuli responsive polymeric nanogels (<100 non in size) based on poly(acrylic acid) were designed as codelivery system for doxorubicin and cisplatin to overcome drug resistance. By chelation, electrostatic interaction, and pi-pi stacking interactions, the nanogels could encapsulate doxorubicin and cisplatin with designed ratio and high capacity. Compared with free drugs, the nanogels could deliver more drugs into MCF-7/ADR cells. Significant accumulation in tumor tissues was observed in the biodistribution experiments. The in vitro antitumor studies demonstrated the superior cell-killing activity of the nanogel drug delivery system with a combination index of 0.84, which indicated the great synergistic effect. All the antitumor experimental data revealed that the combination therapy was effective for the multidrug-resistant MCF-7/ADR tumor with reduced side effects.