Biological response modifiers (BRMs) emerge as a lay of new compounds or approaches used in improving cancer immunotherapy. Evidences highlight that cytokines, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and noncoding RNAs are of crucial roles in modulating antitumor immune response and cancer-related chronic inflammation, and BRMs based on them have been explored. In particular, besides some cytokines like IFN-a and IL-2, several Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists like BCG, MPL, and imiquimod are also licensed to be used in patients with several malignancies nowadays, and the first artificial small noncoding RNA (microRNA) mimic, MXR34, has entered phase I clinical study against liver cancer, implying their potential application in cancer therapy. According to amounts of original data, this chapter will review the regulatory roles of TLR signaling, some noncoding RNAs, and several key cytokines in cancer and cancer-related immune response, as well as the clinical cases in cancer therapy based on them.
[1]Fudan Univ, Dept Immunol, Sch Basic Med Sci, Key Lab Med Mol Virol MOE MOH, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd,Mail Box 226, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China;
[2]Fudan Univ, Biotherapy Res Ctr, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China;
[3]Fudan Univ, Huashan Hosp, Dept Digest Dis, Shanghai, Peoples R China;
[4]Peking Univ, Shenzhen Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, Peoples R China
(8.0+极速模式)