Background Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods.
Methods We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10-54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10-14 years and 50-54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15-19 years and 45-49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-cotnponent method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories.
Findings From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46.4-52.0). The TFR decreased from 4.7 livebirths (4.5-4.9) to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10-19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34-40) to 22 livebirths (19-24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83.8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197-2% (193.3-200.8) since 1950, from 2.6 billion (2.5-2.6) to 7.6 billion (7.4-7.9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2.0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1.1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2.5% in 1963 to O7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2.7%. The global average age increased from 26.6 years in 1950 to 32.1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15-64 years) increased from 59.9% to 65.3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1.0 livebirths (95% UI 0. 9-1.2) in Cyprus to a high of 7.1 livebirths (6.8-7.4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0.08 livebirths (0.07-0.09) in South Korea to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (I F030; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0.3 livebirths (0.3-0-4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3.1 livebirths (3.0-3.2) in Niger. TF030 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017.33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2.0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger.
Interpretation Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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[291]Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Khorramabad, Iran;
[292]Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Khorramabad, Iran;
[293]Mizan Tepi Univ, Publ Hlth Dept, Teppi, Ethiopia;
[294]Mizan Tepi Univ, Teppi, Ethiopia;
[295]Dr Tewelde Legesse Hlth Sci Coll, Mekelle, Ethiopia;
[296]Yale Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, New Haven, CT USA;
[297]Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT USA;
[298]Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada;
[299]Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
[300]Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
[301]Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
[302]Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol & Legal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
[303]Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
[304]Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, Internal Med Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
[305]New York Acad Sci, Sackler Inst Nutr Sci, New York, NY USA;
[306]Augusta Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Div Cardiol, Augusta, GA USA;
[307]London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Hlth Policy, London, England;
[308]London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Personal Social Serv Res Unit, London, England;
[309]Kings Coll London, Dent Inst, London, England;
[310]Kings Coll London, Div Patient & Populat, London, England;
[311]Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, England;
[312]Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England;
[313]Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA;
[314]Univ S Florida, Dept Global Hlth, Tampa, FL USA;
[315]London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, England;
[316]London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England;
[317]London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, London, England;
[318]London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England;
[319]Nepal Acad Sci & Technol, Patin, Nepal;
[320]George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, India;
[321]Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan;
[322]Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan;
[323]Babol Univ Med Sci, Cellular & Mol Biol Res Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran;
[324]Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, Babol Sar, Iran;
[325]Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Babol Sar, Iran;
[326]Babol Univ Med Sci, Fatemeh Zahra Infertil & Reprod Hlth Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran;
[327]Babol Univ Med Sci, Hlth Res Inst, Babol Sar, Iran;
[328]Babol Univ Med Sci, Infect Dis & Trop Med Res Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran;
[329]Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran;
[330]Babol Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Babol Sar, Iran;
[331]Babol Univ Med Sci, Babol Sar, Iran;
[332]Woldia Univ, Woldia, Ethiopia;
[333]Univ Dhaka, Dept Clin Pharm & Pharmacol, Ramna, Bangladesh;
[334]Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy;
[335]Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy;
[336]Cuillain Barre Syndrome Chron Inflammatory Demye, Liaison Turkey, Conshohocken, PA USA;
[337]UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England;
[338]UCL, Dept Psychol, London, England;
[339]UCL, Ctr Global Hlth Econ, London, England;
[340]United Nations Programme HIV AIDS UNAIDS, Fast Track Implementat Dept, Gaborone, Botswana;
[341]AT Still Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;
[342]AT Still Univ, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;
[343]St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;
[344]Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA;
[345]Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Radiat Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA;
[346]Univ Texas Houston, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA;
[347]Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA;
[348]Minist Hlth, Gen Directorate Hlth Informat Syst, Ankara, Turkey;
[349]Minist Hlth, Dept Hlth Stat, Ankara, Turkey;
[350]Minist Hlth, Ankara, Turkey;
[351]Univ New South Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Univ New South Wales, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[352]Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[353]Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[354]Univ New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[355]Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy;
[356]Danube Univ Krems, Dept Clin Neurosci & Prevent Med, Krems, Austria;
[357]Comenius Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Bratislava, Slovakia;
[358]Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA;
[359]Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA;
[360]Ohio State Univ, Psychiat & Behav Hlth Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA;
[361]German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany;
[362]Mayo Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Rochester, MN USA;
[363]Mayo Clin, Dept Dermatol, Rochester, MN USA;
[364]Inst Sci Res & High Technol Serv, TB Riomarker Res Unit, City Of Knowledge, Panama;
[365]Inst Sci Res & High Technol Serv, City Of Knowledge, Panama;
[366]Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Dept Res & Hlth Technol Assessment, Panama City, Panama;
[367]Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama;
[368]Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada;
[369]Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Al Shifa Sch Publ Hlth, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;
[370]Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico;
[371]Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico;
[372]Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Populat Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico;
[373]Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico;
[374]Univ Valley Cuernavaca, Sch Med, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico;
[375]Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England;
[376]Imperial Coll London, Div Brain Sci, London, England;
[377]Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England;
[378]Imperial Coll London, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England;
[379]Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Populat & Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico;
[380]Univ Porto, Appl Mol Biosci Unit, Porto, Portugal;
[381]Univ Porto, Inst Res & Innovat Hlth I3S, Porto, Portugal;
[382]Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Engn, Porto, Portugal;
[383]Univ Porto, Inst Publ Hlth, Porto, Portugal;
[384]Univ Porto, REQUIMTE, LAQV, Porto, Portugal;
[385]Univ Porto, UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal;
[386]Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia;
[387]Univ Nacl Colombia, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia;
[388]Costa Rican Dept Social Secur, Area Bstadist, Direcc Actuarial, San Jose, Costa Rica;
[389]Univ Costa Rica, Sch Dent, San Pedro, Costa Rica;
[390]Inst Hlth Carlos III, Dept Hlth Planning & Econ, Madrid, Spain;
[391]Hacettepe Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ankara, Turkey;
[392]Hacettepe Univ, Inst Populat Studies, Ankara, Turkey;
[393]Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[394]Australian Catholic Univ, Brain Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[395]Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China;
[396]Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China;
[397]Natl Hlth Res Inst, Hlth Syst Res Ctr, Zhunan Township, Taiwan;
[398]Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Populat Hlth Sci, Zhunan Township, Taiwan;
[399]Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei, Taiwan;
[400]Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Dev Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India;
[401]Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Fertil Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India;
[402]Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Populat Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India;
[403]Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India;
[404]Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India;
[405]Tata Mem Hosp, Surg Oncol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India;
[406]Gold Coast Hlth, Clin Governance, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia;
[407]Monash Univ, Ctr Cardiovasc Res & Educ Therapeut, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[408]Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[409]Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[410]Univ Zambia, Dept Econ, Lusaka, Zambia;
[411]Univ Zambia, Dept Populat Studies, Lusaka, Zambia;
[412]Univ Witwatersrand, Demog & Populat Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa;
[413]Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Biochem Biomed Sci, Seoul, South Korea;
[414]Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England;
[415]Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Dept Endocrinol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India;
[416]Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Dept Pulm Med, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India;
[417]Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India;
[418]Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia;
[419]Univ Adelaide, Robinson Res Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia;
[420]Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia;
[421]Univ Salerno, Scuola Med Salernitana, Baronissi, Italy;
[422]Autonomous Univ Chile, Fac Business & Management, Talca, Chile;
[423]Autonomous Univ Chile, Fac Educ, Talca, Chile;
[424]Autonomous Univ Chile, Inst Phys Act & Hlth, Talca, Chile;
[425]Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, Italy;
[426]Univ Southampton, NIHR Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England;
[427]Arizona State Univ, T Denny Sanford Sch Social & Family Dynam, Tempe, AZ USA;
[428]Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA;
[429]Croatian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Chron Noncommuicable Dis, Zagreb, Croatia;
[430]Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;
[431]Univ Queensland, Inst Social Sci Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;
[432]Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;
[433]Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;
[434]Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;
[435]Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;
[436]Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Biomed Res Council, London, England;
[437]Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Clin Toxicol Serv, London, England;
[438]BRAC Univ, James P Grant Sch Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
[439]BRAC Univ, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
[440]Cent Univ Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India;
[441]Clin Emergency Hosp Sf Pantelimon, Dept Surg, Bucharest, Romania; Natl Med Univ, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan;
[442]Griffith Univ, Australian Inst Suicide Res & Prevent, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia;
[443]Griffith Univ, Menzies Hlth Inst Queensland, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia;
[444]African Populat Hlth Res Ctr, Maternal & Child Wellbeing Unit, Nairobi, Kenya;
[445]African Populat Hlth Res Ctr, Populat Dynam & Reprod Hlth Unit, Nairobi, Kenya;
[446]Aksum Univ, Dept Clin Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia;
[447]Aksum Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Aksum, Ethiopia;
[448]Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Infect, Brighton, E Sussex, England;
[449]Natl Hlth Serv Scotland, Informat Serv Div, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland;
[450]Natl Hlth Serv Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland;
[451]Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;
[452]Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA;
[453]Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka;
[454]Nepal Hlth Res Council, Hlth Res Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal;
[455]Nepal Hlth Res Council, Res Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal;
[456]Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Ctr Communicable Dis Control, Tehran, Iran;
[457]Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Deputy Res & Technol, Tehran, Iran;
[458]Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran;
[459]Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam;
[460]Med Univ Varna, Dept Social Med & Hlth Care Org, Varna, Bulgaria;
[461]Univ Cape Coast, Dept Populat & Hlth, Cape Coast, Ghana;
[462]Univ Tampere, Fac Social Sci, Tampere, Finland;
[463]Univ Tampere, Fac Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland;
[464]RMIT Univ, Sch Hlth & Biomed Sci, Bundoora, Vic, Australia;
[465]Univ Sydney, Asbestos Dis Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[466]Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[467]Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[468]United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, India;
[469]Univ Belgrade, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia;
[470]Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia;
[471]Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Inst Epidemiol, Belgrade, Serbia;
[472]Wollega Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Nekemte, Ethiopia;
[473]Univ Fed Bahia, Sch Med, Salvador, BA, Brazil;
[474]Roberto Santos Gen Hosp, Diretoria Med, Salvador, BA, Brazil;
[475]Umea Univ, Dept Nursing, Umea, Sweden;
[476]Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Eijkman Oxford Clin Res Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia;
[477]St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Publ Hlth Dept, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;
[478]Russian Acad Sci, Lab Socioecon Issues Human Dev & Qual Life, Moscow, Russia;
[479]Minist Hlth, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Cent Res Inst Cytol & Genet, Moscow, Russia;
[480]Minist Hlth, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Dept Med Stat & Documentary, Moscow, Russia;
[481]Minist Hlth, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia;
[482]Gonabad Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Conabad, Iran;
[483]Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Parasitol & Mycol, Orumiyeh, Iran;
[484]Imam Muhammad Inn Saud Islamic Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
[485]Imam Muhammad Inn Saud Islamic Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
[486]Natl Stat Off, Lisbon, Portugal;
[487]Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Psychol, Sao Cristovao, Brazil;
[488]Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, CA USA;
[489]Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand;
[490]Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Hlth Div, Paris, France;
[491]Sarem Fertil & Infertil Res Ctr, Fertil & Infertil, Tehran, Iran;
[492]Univ Ghana, Inst Stat Social & Econ Res, Legon, Ghana;
[493]Univ Ghana, Sch Publ Hlth, Legon, Ghana;
[494]Kaiser Permanente, Psychiat, Fontana, CA USA;
[495]Bielefeld Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Bielefeld, Germany;
[496]Sergio Arouca Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil;
[497]Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil;
[498]Natl Acad Med Sci Ukraine, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, Ukraine;
[499]Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Med & Surg, Monza, Italy;
[500]Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland;
[501]Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Malaria Vaccines, Basel, Switzerland;
[502]Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland;
[503]Canc Inst, Gene Express & Regulat Program, Philadelphia, PA USA;
[504]Kobe Univ, Dept Dermatol, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan;
[505]Natl Ctr Dis Control, Med Stat, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia;
[506]Natl Ctr Dis Control, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia;
[507]Univ Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fac Med & Pharm Fez, Fes, Morocco;
[508]Task Force Global Hlth, Int Trachoma Initiat, Decatur, GA USA;
[509]Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia;
[510]Wageningen Univ & Res, Div Human Nutr & Hlth, Wageningen, Netherlands;
[511]Reg Hlth Council, Directorate Gen Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain;
[512]Univ Social Welf & Rehabilitat Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran;
[513]Univ Social Welf & Rehabilitat Sci, Tehran, Iran;
[514]Univ Isukuba, Dept Hlth Care Policy & Management, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;
[515]Natl Allergy Asthma & Bronchitis Inst, Dept Resp Med, Kolkota, India;
[516]Fortis Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Kolkota, India;
[517]Univ Warwick, Div Hlth Sci, Coventry, W Midlands, England;
[518]Univ Warwick, Unit Acad Primary Care, Coventry, W Midlands, England;
[519]Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia;
[520]Jawahar Lal Nehru Univ, Ctr Study Reg Dev, New Delhi, India;
[521]Jawahar Lal Nehru Univ, Ctr Eth, New Delhi, India;
[522]Univ Massachusetts, Nursing & Hlth Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA;
[523]Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Oklahoma City, OK USA;
[524]Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia;
[525]Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;
[526]Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA;
[527]Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA;
[528]Vittorio Emanuele Univ Hosp Polyclin, Registro Tumori Integrato, Catania, Italy;
[529]St James Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, The Valley, Anguilla;
[530]St James Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, The Valley, Anguilla;
[531]Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India;
[532]West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Commissioner Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA;
[533]West Virginia Univ Sch Publ Hlth, Deparmient Hlth Policy Management & Leadership, Morgantown, WV USA;
[534]Rajasthan Univ Hlth Sci, Acad & Res, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India;
[535]Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India;
[536]Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA;
[537]Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA;
[538]Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA;
[539]Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands;
[540]Univ Western Ontario, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, Canada;
[541]Lawson Hlth Res Inst, London, ON, Canada;
[542]Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA;
[543]Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Baltimore, MD USA;
[544]Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA;
[545]Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA;
[546]Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD USA;
[547]Arabian Gulf Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Manama, Bahrain;
[548]Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates;
[549]Univ New Mexico, Populat Hlth Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA;
[550]Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Neurol Dept, Perth, WA, Australia;
[551]Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Med Stat & Epidemiol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China;
[552]Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sun Yat Sen Global Hlth Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China;
[553]Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Epidem & Pandem Control, Beirut, Lebanon;
[554]Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Vital & Hlth Stat, Beirut, Lebanon;
[555]Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Hlth Educ & Hlth Promot Dept, Tabriz, Iran;
[556]Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Tabriz, Iran;
[557]San Juan Dios Sanitary Pk, Res & Dev Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain;
[558]Univ Barcelona, Dept Med, Barcelona, Spain;
[559]Univ Hosp Antwerp, Unit Epidemiol & Social Med, Antwerp, Belgium;
[560]Karolinska Univ Hosp, Clin Sci, Stockholm, Sweden;
[561]Teikyo Univ, Sch Med, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran;
[562]Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Economet, Bucharest, Romania;
[563]Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA;
[564]Guilan Univ Med Sci, Guilan Rd Trauma Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran;
[565]Guilan Univ Med Sci, Sch Hlth, Rasht, Iran;
[566]Manipal Univ, Transdisciplinary Ctr Qualitat Methods, Manipal, Karnataka, India;
[567]Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[568]Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[569]Univ Melbourne, Sch Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[570]Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[571]Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[572]Univ Human Dev, Dept Comp Sci, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq;
[573]Bucharest Emergency Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bucharest, Romania;
[574]Natl Inst Legal Med Mina Minovici, Clin Legal Med, Bucharest, Romania;
[575]Med Sch Tunis, Fac Med Tunis, Baab Saadoun, Tunisia;
[576]Cent S Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China;
[577]Aarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark;
[578]Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark;
[579]Univ Western Cape, Sch Publ Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa;
[580]Walter Sisulu Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Mthatha, South Africa;
[581]Univ Liberia, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Monrovia, Liberia;
[582]Taipei Med Univ, Global Hlth & Dev Dept, Taipei, Taiwan;
[583]Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Biomed Informat, Taipei, Taiwan;
[584]Univ Memphis, Sch Publ Hlth, Memphis, TN 38152 USA;
[585]Deakin Univ, Dept Psychol, Burwood, Vic, Australia;
[586]Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia;
[587]Deakin Univ, Sch Med, Burwood, Vic, Australia; Natl Ctr Dis Control Delhi, Dept Parasit Dis, Delhi, India;
[588]Univ Kragujevac, Med Sci Dept, Kragujevac, Serbia;
[589]Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA;
[590]Newcastle Univ, Tyne, England;
[591]Univ Colombo, Fac Grad Studies, Colombo, Sri Lanka;
[592]Univ Colombo, Inst Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka;
[593]Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Achutha Menon Ctr Hlth Sci Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, India;
[594]Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Neurol Dept, Trivandrum, Kerala, India;
[595]Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Trivandrum, Kerala, India;
[596]Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India;
[597]Duke Kunshan Univ, Environm Res Ctr, Kunshan, Peoples R China;
[598]Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China;
[599]Czestochowa Univ Tech, Inst Hlth & Nutr Sci, Czestochowa, Poland;
[600]Univ Opole, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Opole, Poland;
[601]Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Pune, Maharashtra, India;
[602]Univ Tartu, Inst Family Med & Publ Hlth, Tartu, Estonia;
[603]Univ Coll Cork, Sch Publ Hlth, Cork, Ireland;
[604]ACS Med Coll & Hosp, New Delhi, India;
[605]Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Chron Dis Home Care Res Ctr, Hamadan, Iran;
[606]Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Hamadan, Iran;
[607]Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Dept Epidemiol, Braunschweig, Germany;
[608]Qual & Equ Hlth Care, Kigali, Rwanda;
[609]Univ Washington, Sch Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Tacoma, WA USA;
[610]Seattle Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA USA;
[611]Seattle Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA;
[612]Univ Glasgow, CSO Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, MRC, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland;
[613]Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Hlth Care Adm, Tulsa, OK USA;
[614]Univ Tulsa, Hlth Care Delivery Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA;
[615]Salale Univ, Midwifery Program, Fiche, Ethiopia;
[616]Univ Nairobi, ODeL Campus, Nairobi, Kenya;
[617]Michigan State Univ, Dept Linguist & German, Slavic Asian & African Languages, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA;
[618]Med Res Council South Africa, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa;
[619]Med Res Council South Africa, Noncommunicable Dis Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa;
[620]Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South Africa;
[621]Assuta Hosp, Inst Cardiol, Tel Aviv, Yaffo, Israel;
[622]Hadassah Hebrew Univ Hosp, Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathies Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel;
[623]Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Ramtha, Jordan;
[624]Univ Management & Technol, Sch Food & Agr Sci, Lahore, Pakistan;
[625]Hlth Serv Acad, Epidemiol & Biostat Dept, Islamabad, Pakistan;
[626]John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL USA;
[627]Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Karachi, Pakistan; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea;
[628]Indian Council Med Res, Dept Hlth Res, New Delhi, India;
[629]Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Res Environm Hlth, New Delhi, India;
[630]Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Nutr, New Delhi, India;
[631]Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India;
[632]Baqiyatallah Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tehran, Iran;
[633]Int Otorhinolaryngol Res Assoc, Tehran, Iran;
[634]Kenya Revenue Author, Res Dept, Nairobi, Kenya;
[635]Synotech Consultant, Res & Data Solut, Nairobi, Kenya;
[636]Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharm Practice, Detroit, MI USA;
[637]Wayne State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Detroit, MI USA;
[638]Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA;
[639]Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea;
[640]Xiamen Univ Malaysia, Sch Med, Sepang, Malaysia;
[641]Simmons Coll, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA;
[642]Univ Canberra, Fac Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia;
[643]Univ Oslo, Dept Hlth Management & Hlth Econ, Oslo, Norway;
[644]Univ Oslo, Inst Hlth & Soc, Oslo, Norway;
[645]Tulane Univ, Dept Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA;
[646]Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland;
[647]Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
[648]Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Suita, Osaka, Japan;
[649]Arthrit Res Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada;
[650]Sheri Kashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Internal & Pulm Med, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India;
[651]Pathab Univ, Dept Anthropol, Chandigarh, India;
[652]Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada;
[653]Univ Montreal, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada;
[654]Yuksek Ithisas Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ankara, Turkey;
[655]Univ Technol Sydney, Ctr Midwifery Child & Family Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[656]Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[657]Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pediat, Chandigarh, India;
[658]Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Chandigarh, India;
[659]Natl Inst Hlth, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Manila, Philippines;
[660]Natl Inst Hlth, Inst Hlth Policy & Dev Studies, Manila, Philippines;
[661]Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst, Manila, Philippines;
[662]Acad Med Sci, Dept Community & Family Med, Baghdad, Iraq;
[663]HehpMeSee, New York, NY USA;
[664]Mexican Inst Ophthalmol, Int Relat, Queretaro, Mexico;
[665]Municipal Hlth Dept Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte City Hall, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;
[666]Ghana Hlth Serv, Dis Control Dept, Accra, Ghana;
[667]Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, Iran;
[668]Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Maragheh, Iran;
[669]Local Hlth Unit Tuscany Ctr, Reg Ctr Anal Data Occupat & Work Related Injuries, Florence, Italy;
[670]Univ Florence, Dept Hlth Sci, Florence, Italy;
[671]Sichuan Univ, West China Univ Hosp 2, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China;
[672]Shenzhen Sun Yat Sen Cardiovasc Hosp, Dept Clin Res & Epidemiol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China;
[673]Natl Off Maternal & Child Hlth Surveillance, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China;
[674]Natl Ctr Birth Defects Monitoring China, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China;
[675]Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Prevent & Mental Hlth Improvement, Beijing, Peoples R China;
[676]Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China;
[677]Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China;
[678]Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia;
[679]Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
[680]Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Med & Therapeut, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China;
[681]Univ Haifa, Sch Publ Hlth, Haifa, Israel;
[682]Ctr Chron Dis Control, Beijing, Peoples R China;
[683]Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Nutr, Jena, Germany;
[684]Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth NutriCA, Jena, Germany;
[685]Aintree Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv NHS Fdn Trust, Gen Surg Dept, Liverpool, Merseyside, England;
[686]Univ Liverpool, Surg Dept, Liverpool, Merseyside, England;
[687]Univ Kinshasa, Sch Publ Hlth, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO;
[688]Univ Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO;
[689]Royal Childrens Hosp, Cardiol Dept, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[690]Royal Childrens Hosp, Neurol Dept, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[691]Minist Hlth & Populat, Prevent Dept, Cairo, Egypt;
[692]Tribhuvan Univ, Inst Med, Kathmandu, Nepal;
[693]Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia;
[694]Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran;
[695]Indian Inst Technol, Dept Humanities & Social Sci, Roorkee, Haridwar, India;
[696]Emergency Univ Hosp Bucharest, Surg Dept, Bucharest, Romania;
[697]Publ Risk Management Inst, Mississauga, ON, Canada;
[698]World Bank, Trade & Competitiveness, New York, NY USA;
[699]Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Ceara, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, Brazil;
[700]Med Univ Graz, Clin Inst Med & Chem Lab Diagnost, Graz, Austria;
[701]Univ East Ramon Magsaysay Mem Med Ctr, Grad Sch, Quezon City, Philippines;
[702]Univ York, Dept Hlth Sci, York, N Yorkshire, England;
[703]Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Biol & Biol Engn, Gothenburg, Sweden;
[704]Ipas Nepal, Res Monitoring & Evaluat, Kathmandu, Nepal;
[705]Janakpuri Super Specialty Hosp Soc, Neurol Dept, New Delhi, India;
[706]Natl Inst Canc Prevent & Res, Prevent Oncol, Noida, India;
[707]Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA;
[708]SevenHills Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bombay, Maharashtra, India;
[709]Wollo Univ, Dept Adult Hlth Nursing, Dessie, Ethiopia;
[710]Wollo Univ, Dept Pharm, Dessie, Ethiopia;
[711]Wollo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dessie, Ethiopia;
[712]Debre Tabor Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia;
[713]Debre Tabor Univ, Dept Pharm, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia;
[714]Univ West Florida, Dept Publ Hlth, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA;
[715]Minist Hlth, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hosp, Res Dept, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
[716]Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
[717]United Nations Populat Fund UNFPA, Peru Country Off, Lima, Peru;
[718]Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland;
[719]Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neuroctr, Helsinki, Finland;
[720]Dr Zorn Profozic Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia;
[721]Univ North, Univ Ctr Varazdin, Varazhdin, Croatia;
[722]Ethiopian Acad Med Sci, Pharm, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;
[723]Univ Ndjamena, Fac Humanities & Social Sci, Ndjamena, Chad;
[724]Pomeranian Med Univ, Dept Hypertens, Szczecin, Poland;
[725]Pomeranian Med Univ, Emergency Dept, Szczecin, Poland;
[726]Pomeranian Med Univ, Zdroje Hosp, Szczecin, Poland;
[727]Pomeranian Med Univ, Szczecin, Poland;
[728]Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA;
[729]Natl Inst Stat, Presidents Off, Bucharest, Romania;
[730]Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Fac Gen Med, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan;
[731]Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Dept Atherosclerosis & Coronary Heart Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan;
[732]Frankfurt Univ Appl Sci, Inst Addict Res ISFF, Frankfurt, Germany;
[733]Salahaddin Univ, Dept Biol, Erbil, Iraq;
[734]ISHIK Univ, Erbil, Iraq;
[735]Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Esfahan, Iran;
[736]Jigjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jigjiga, Ethiopia;
[737]Jigjiga Univ, Jigjiga, Ethiopia;
[738]Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Community Med, Zaria, Nigeria;
[739]Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria;
[740]Univ Papua New Guinea, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Obstet & Gynecol Dept, Boroko, Papua N Guinea;
[741]Port Moresby Gen Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Port Moresby, Papua N Guinea;
[742]Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy;
[743]Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sanandaj, Iran;
[744]Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Iran;
[745]Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England;
[746]Hosp Ctr Porto, Hosp Sto Antonio, Porto, Portugal;
[747]Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan;
[748]Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Tehran, Iran;
[749]Univ Athens, Dept Ophthalmol 1, Athens, Greece;
[750]Acad Athens, Biomed Res Fdn, Athens, Greece;
[751]Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up, Wiesbaden, Germany;
[752]Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Ageing Res Area, Wiesbaden, Germany;
[753]Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany;
[754]Ctr Populat & Hlth, Wiesbaden, Germany;
[755]Inst Post Grad Med Educ & Res, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kolkata, India;
[756]Univ Jos, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jos, Nigeria;
[757]Northwestern Univ, Ctr Global Hlth, Chicago, IL 60611 USA;
[758]Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA;
[759]Sci Univ Malaysia, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia;
[760]Nishtar Med Univ, Pediat Dept, Multan, Pakistan;
[761]Inst Mother & Child Care, Pediat & Pediat Pulmonol, Multan, Pakistan;
[762]Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA;
[763]Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany;
[764]Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA;
[765]Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA;
[766]Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA;
[767]San Bortolo Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Vicenza, Italy;
[768]GISED Study Ctr, Direct, Bergamo, Italy;
[769]Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
[770]Univ Yaounde I, Dept Publ Heath, Yaounde, Cameroon;
[771]Mercy St Vincent Med Ctr, Toledo, OH USA;
[772]Cardio Aid, Dept Cardiol, Bucharest, Romania;
[773]Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kilifi, Kenya;
[774]Minist Hlth, Gender Elderly & Children, Community Dev, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;
[775]Univ Embu, Dept Biol Sci, Embu, Kenya;
[776]State Univ Semarang, Publ Hlth Sci Dept, Kota Semarang, Indonesia;
[777]Natl Ctr Global Hlth & Med, Inst Global Hlth Policy Res, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo, Japan;
[778]Rwanda Minist Hlth, Directorate Gen Planning Monitoring & Evolut, Kigali, Rwanda;
[779]Univ Rwanda, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Kigali, Rwanda;
[780]Abia State Univ, Dept Med, Uturu, Nigeria;
[781]Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Penrith, NSW, Australia;
[782]Western Sydney Univ, Penrith, NSW, Australia;
[783]Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea;
[784]Soc Family Hlth, Res Measurement & Results, Abuja, Nigeria;
[785]Human Sci Res Council, Dept HIV AIDS STIs & TB, Durban, South Africa;
[786]Univ Namibia, Sch Publ Hlth, Oshakati Campus, Windhoek, Namibia;
[787]Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Ikoyi, Nigeria;
[788]Minist Hlth, NCD Prevent & Control Unit, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei;
[789]Univ Brunei Darussalam, Inst Hlth Sci, Gadong, Brunei;
[790]Autonomous Univ Madrid, Pneumol Serv, Madrid, Spain;
[791]Autonomous Univ Madrid, Sch Med, Madrid, Spain;
[792]Jimenez Diaz Univ Hosp, Inst Hlth Res Fdn, Dept Hypertens & Nephrol, Madrid, Spain;
[793]St Lukes Int Univ, Dept Global Hlth Nursing, Chuo Ku, Tokyo, Japan;
[794]Kisumu Med & Educ Trust, Res Monitoring & Evaluat, Kisumu, Kenya; Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Moscow, Russia;
[795]Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia;
[796]North West Univ, Agr Econ Grp, Mafikeng, South Africa;
[797]North West Univ, Dept Pediat, Mafikeng, South Africa;
[798]Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Univ, Dept TB & Resp Med, Mysore, Karnataka, India;
[799]Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada;
[800]All India Inst Med Sci, Ctr Community Med, New Delhi, India;
[801]All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol Metab & Diabet, New Delhi, India;
[802]All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, New Delhi, India;
[803]Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Evaluat, Hlth Outcomes, Bucharest, Romania;
[804]Kosin Univ, Dept Med Humanities & Social Med, Busan, South Korea;
[805]Maimonides Hosp, Dept Med, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA;
[806]Deemed Univ, Krishna Inst Med Sci, Karad, India;
[807]Int Inst Hlth Management Res, New Delhi, India;
[808]Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Populat Hlth Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[809]Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;
[810]Diabet Res Soc, Clin Res Dept, Hyderabad, India;
[811]DiabetOmics, Clin Res Dept, Portland, OR USA;
[812]Save Children, Hlth Nutr & HIV AIDS Program, Kathmandu, Nepal;
[813]Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Sci & Technol Commun & Informat Hlth, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil;
[814]Cartagena Univ, Cartagena, Colombia;
[815]Univ Virginia, Anesthesiol Dept, Charlottesville, VA USA;
[816]Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA;
[817]Univ Gothenburg, Inst Med, Gothenburg, Sweden;
[818]Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa;
[819]Durban Univ Technol, Basic Med Sci Dept, Durban, South Africa;
[820]Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;
[821]Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Nephrol, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India;
[822]Govt Med Coll, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
[823]Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran;
[824]Medichem, Barcelona, Spain;
[825]Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Lahore, Pakistan;
[826]Global Publ Hlth Res Fdn, Res Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
[827]Sweidi Hosp, Dept Clin Pediat, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
[828]Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India;
[829]Univ Gottingen, Dept Econ, Gottingen, Germany;
[830]Med Univ Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;
[831]Yonsei Univ, Inst Poverty Alleviat & Int Dev, Seoul, South Korea;
[832]Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England;
[833]Publ Hlth England, London, England;
[834]Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Occupat Med, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA;
[835]Brien Holden Vision Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia;
[836]Org Prevent Blindness, Paris, France;
[837]Birjand Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Birjand, Iran;
[838]Univ Fed Uberlandia, Dept Clin Res, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil;
[839]Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Iran;
[840]IKIAM Amazon Reg Univ, Biotechnol, Ciudad De Tena, Ecuador;
[841]Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci & Engn, Shenzhen, Peoples R China;
[842]Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Community Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;
[843]Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;
[844]Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;
[845]Prince Wales Hosp, Neuropsychiat Inst, Randwick, NSW, Australia;
[846]Univ Sharjah, Med Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates;
[847]Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
[848]York Univ, Fac Hlth, Sch Hlth & Policy Management, Toronto, ON, Canada;
[849]Punjab Univ, Coll Pharm, Anarkali, Pakistan;
[850]Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA;
[851]Stanford Univ, Ctr Primary Care & Outcomes Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA;
[852]Chest Res Fdn, Clin Res Div, Pune, Maharashtra, India;
[853]Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Huntington, WV USA;
[854]Minist Hlth, Hlth & Disabil Intelligence Grp, Wellington, New Zealand;
[855]Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr & Prevent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA;
[856]Jimenez Diaz Fdn Univ Hosp Inst Hlth Res, Nephrol Grp, Madrid, Spain;
[857]Univ Massachusetts, Med Sch, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA;
[858]Univ Appl & Environm Sci, Fac Med, Dept Hlth & Soc, Bogota, Colombia;
[859]Mahatma Gandhi Mem Med Coll, Dept Community Med, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India;
[860]Hamad Med Corp, Surg Dept, Doha, Qatar;
[861]Bournemouth Univ, Fac Hlth & Social Sci, Bournemouth, Dorset, England;
[862]Utkal Univ, UGC Ctr Adv Study Psychol, Bhubaneswar, India;
[863]Udyam Global Assoc Sustainable Dev, Bhubaneswar, India;
[864]Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India;
[865]Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA;
[866]Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Sch Hlth Sci, Ararangua, Brazil;
[867]Univ Zagreb, Dept Med Stat Epidemiol & Med Informat, Zagreb, Croatia;
[868]NYU, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY USA;
[869]An Najah Natl Univ, Publ Hlth Div, Nablus, Palestine;
[870]Middle East Liver Dis Ctr, Dept Mol lepatol, Tehran, Iran;
[871]Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Sari, Iran;
[872]Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Lab Sci, Sari, Iran;
[873]Minist Hlth, Policy & Planning Div, Thimphi, Bhutan;
[874]Delhi Technol Univ, Univ Sch Management & Entrepreneurship, New Delhi, India;
[875]Fudan Univ, Dept Pulmonary Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China;
[876]Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland;
[877]Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA USA;
[878]Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan;
[879]Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland;
[880]Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Med Epidemiol, Halle, Germany;
[881]Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Nottingham, England;
[882]Symbiosis Int Univ, Symbiosis Inst Hlth Sci, Pune, Maharashtra, India;
[883]Reykjavik Univ, Dept Psychol, Reykjavik, Iceland;
[884]Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, New York, NY USA;
[885]Brasilia Univ, Brasilia, DF, Brazil;
[886]Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Hlth Ind Complex & Innovat Hlth, Brasilia, DF, Brazil;
[887]Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Dis & Noncommunicable Dis & Hlth Promot, Brasilia, DF, Brazil;
[888]Univ Louisville, Div Cardiovasc Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA;
[889]Max Hosp, Ghaziabad, India;
[890]Asthma Bhawan, Dept Pulm Med, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India;
[891]Sch Prevent Oncol, Dept Epidemiol, Patna, Bihar, India;
[892]King Khalid Univ Hosp, Pediat Dept, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
[893]Univ Hosp De La Princesa, Hlth Res Inst, Serv Pulmonol, Madrid, Spain;
[894]Univ Hull, Hull York Med Sch, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England;
[895]Int Med Univ, Div Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
[896]Univ Sheffield, Sch Hlth & Related Res, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England;
[897]Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway;
[898]Univ Calif Riverside, Sch Med, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;
[899]Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc, Irvine, CA USA;
[900]Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain;
[901]Univ Valencia, Dept Pediat Obstet & Gynecol, Valencia, Spain;
[902]Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Carlos III Hlth Inst, Madrid, Spain;
[903]Univ Illinois, Sch Social Work, Urbana, IL 61801 USA;
[904]Univ Inst Egas Moniz, Monte De Caparica, Portugal;
[905]Univ Lisbon, Fac Pharm Lisbon, Res Inst Med, Lisbon, Portugal;
[906]Business & Technol Coll, Alkan Hlth Sci, Selihom Sch Nursing, Dessie, Ethiopia;
[907]Syrian Expatriate Med Assoc, Charlottesville, VA USA;
[908]Nanyang Technol Univ, Lee Kong Chian Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore;
[909]Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, Singapore;
[910]Adapt Knowledge Management, Dept Global Hlth Res, Victoria, BC, Canada;
[911]Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;
[912]Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Inst Publ Hlth, Krakow, Poland;
[913]Agcy Hlth Technol Assessment & Tariff Syst, Warsaw, Poland;
[914]Univ Hosp Doctor Peset, Pediat Dept, Valencia, Spain;
[915]Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan;
[916]Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam;
[917]Mil Med Univ, Clin Hematol & Toxicol, Hanoi, Vietnam;
[918]Natl Inst Res TB, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India;
[919]Univ Copenhagen, Dept Neurol, Copenhagen, Denmark;
[920]Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam;
[921]Univ Heart Ctr Hamburg, Dept Vasc Med, Hamburg, Germany;
[922]Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria;
[923]Gomal Univ, Gomal Ctr Biochem & Biotechnol, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan;
[924]Mufti Mehmood Mem Teaching Hosp, TB Culture Lab, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan;
[925]Ankara Univ, Ankara, Turkey;
[926]Argentine Soc Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina;
[927]Velez Sarsfield Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina;
[928]UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland;
[929]Univ Brasilia, Dept Stat, Brasilia, DF, Brazil;
[930]Fed Dist Planning Co, Directorate Social Studies & Policies, Brasilia, DF, Brazil;
[931]Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore;
[932]Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Lou Lin Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore;
[933]St Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Occupat Hlth Unit, Bologna, Italy;
[934]IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Informat & Internet Technol, Moscow, Russia;
[935]Natl Res Univ, Higher Sch Econ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ, Moscow, Russia;
[936]Fdn Univ, Med Coll, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;
[937]Canc Registry Norway, Dept Res, Oslo, Norway;
[938]Tech Univ Munich, Dept Neurol, Munich, Germany;
[939]Kailuan Gen Hosp, Kailuan Gen Hosp, Tangshan, Peoples R China;
[940]Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland;
[941]Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China;
[942]King Fand Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Earth Sci, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia;
[943]Wolkite Univ, Wolkite, Ethiopia;
[944]Kyoto Univ, Dept Biostat, Kyoto, Japan;
[945]Jackson State Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Jackson, MS USA;
[946]Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China;
[947]Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China;
[948]Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China;
[949]Inst Oncol Ljubljana, Epidemiol & Canc Registry Sect, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
[950]Univ Hosp Setif, Dept Epidemiol, Setif, Algeria;
[951]Dilla Univ, Publ Hlth Dept, Dilla, Ethiopia;
[952]Wuhan Polytech Univ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
(8.0+极速模式)