Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. It is widely used as an immunosuppressive drug for treating autoimmune diseases. Due to its poor efficiency, the large-dose treatment presents some side effects and limits its further applications. In this study, we used chemical modification to improve the therapeutic effect of SIN in vitro and in vivo. A new derivative of sinomenine, named 1032, demonstrates significantly improved immunosuppressive activity over that of its parent natural compound (SIN). In an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, 1032 significantly reduced encephalitogenic T cell responses and induced amelioration of EAE, which outcome was related to its selective inhibitory effect on the production of IL-17. By contrast, SIN treatment only led to a moderate alleviation of EAE severity and the expression level of IL-17 was not significantly reduced. Furthermore, 1032 exhibited suppression of Th17, but not Treg, cell differentiation, a result probably related to its inhibitory effect on I kappa B-alpha. degradation as well as on IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion in BMDCs. We speculate that 1032 as a novel anti-inflammatory agent may target DC to block IL-6 production, which in turn would terminate Th17 cell development. Thus, SIN derivative 1032 presents considerable potential in new drug development for treating autoimmune and inflammatory disease. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
[1]Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Organ Chem, State Key Lab Bioorgan & Nat Prod Chem, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China.
[2]Fudan Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
[3]Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Pasteur Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China.
[4]Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Biochem & Cell Biol, Mol Cell Biol Lab, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China.
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