[1]Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine,Nashville,United States
[2]Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology,Cleveland,United States
[3]Medical Center of Fudan University, Department of Epidemiology,Shanghai,China
[4]Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine,Nashville,United States
[5]Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine,Nashville,United States
[6]Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai,China
[7]China Medical University Hospital Taichung, Department of Medicine,Taichung,Taiwan
[8]National University Health System, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health,Singapore City,Singapore
[9]Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology,Boston,United States
We used a two-stage study design to evaluate whether variations in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and the PPAR gamma co-activator 1 (PGC1) gene families (PPARA, PPARG, PPARD, PPARGC1A, and PPARGC1B) are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Stage I used data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) from Shanghai, China (1019 T2D cases and 1709 controls) and from a meta-analysis of data from the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network for T2D (AGEN-T2D). Criteria for selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for stage II were: (1) P < 0.05 in single marker analysis in Shanghai GWAS and P < 0.05 in the meta-analysis or (2) P < 10-3 in the meta-analysis alone and (3) minor allele frequency ≥ 0.10. Nine SNPs from the PGC1 family were assessed in stage II (an independent set of middle-aged men and women from Shanghai with 1700 T2D cases and 1647 controls). One SNP in PPARGC1B, rs251464, was replicated in stage II (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.99). Gene-body mass index (BMI) and gene-exercise interactions and T2D risk were evaluated in a combined dataset (Shanghai GWAS and stage II data: 2719 cases and 3356 controls). One SNP in PPARGC1A, rs12640088, had a significant interaction with BMI. No interactions between the PPARGC1B gene and BMI or exercise were observed. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/University College London.